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1.
Cienc. Salud (St. Domingo) ; 8(1): [10], 2024. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551339

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La encefalopatía hepática mínima (EHM), es una enfermedad definida por la existencia de varias alteraciones neurofisiológicas, indetectables a la exploración neurológica y el examen clínico. Dentro de las estrategias diagnosticas para la EHM se contemplan las pruebas psicométricas (PHE), pero para su aplicación es indispensable la estandarización previamente en la población de estudio. Objetivo: El estudio se propuso determinar la tabla de la normalidad de las PHE para diagnosticar la encefalopatía hepática subclínica en una muestra de la población dominicana. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal en un hospital de referencia nacional. Se analizaron 134 personas clasificados por grupos de edades (18-70 años de edad) y años de escolaridad. Se diseñó una tabla de 5x5. Se estudió la influencia de la edad, sexo, uso de espejuelo y de los años de escolarización en el rendimiento de cada uno de las PHE, para lo cual se utilizaron las siguientes pruebas estadísticas: análisis de varianza (ANOVA), prueba t de Student y regresión lineal. Resultado: La escolaridad y la edad fueron variables determinantes en el desempeño de las 5 pruebas psicométricas. Pero, la correlación univariable de la edad con el desempeño de la prueba TMS no hubo diferencias intra e inter grupos estadísticamente significativas (p>0.171). Conclusión: se confecciono la fórmula de predicción de resultados de los test psicométricos. Ninguno sobrepasó el punto de corte de la puntuación que oscila entre los -4 y los +2 puntos.


Introduction: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a disease defined by the existence of several neurophysiological alterations, undetectable by neurological examination and clinical examination. Among the diagnostic strategies for EHM, psychometric tests (PHE) are contemplated, but for their application, prior standardization in the study population is essential. Objective: The study will need to determine the normality table of PHE to detect subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in a sample of the Dominican population. Method: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in a national reference hospital. 134 people classified by age groups (18-70 years of age) and years of schooling were analyzed. A 5x5 board is recommended. The influence of age, sex, use of glasses and years of schooling on the performance of each one of the PHEs was studied, for which the following statistical tests were used: analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t test and linear regression. Result: Schooling and age were determining variables in the performance of the 5 psychometric tests. But, the univariate coincidence of age with the performance of the TMS test, there were no statistically significant intra and inter group differences (p>0.171). Conclusion: the formula for predicting the results of the psychometric tests was made. None exceeded the cut-off point of the score that oscillates between -4 and +2 points.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Hepatic Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis , Dominican Republic , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 42(5): 503-509, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132120

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the relationship between neurocognitive profiles and clinical manifestations of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Methods: Forty-five patients diagnosed with BPD and 35 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The BPD group was evaluated with the Borderline Personality Inventory for dissociative, impulsivity and suicidal dimensions. The Verbal Memory Processes Test and the Cambridge Neurophysiological Assessment Battery were administered to both the BPD and healthy control groups. Results: BPD patients differed from controls in sustained attention, facial emotion recognition, and deteriorated verbal memory function. A model consisting of the Dissociative Experiences Scale - Taxon (DES-T), motor impulsivity and Scale for Suicidal Behavior scores explained 52% of the variance in Borderline Personality Inventory scores. It was detected that motor impulsivity, decision-making and recognizing sadness may significantly predict DES-T scores, and response inhibition and facial emotion recognition scores may significantly predict impulsivity. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the disassociation, impulsivity, and suicidality dimensions are sufficient to represent the clinical manifestations of BPD, that they are related to neurocognitive differences, and that they interact with clinical features.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Attention/physiology , Suicide/psychology , Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis , Impulsive Behavior , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Borderline Personality Disorder/psychology , Case-Control Studies , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
3.
CoDAS ; 32(1): e20180306, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039627

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose Search for reliability and validity evidence for the Montreal Communication Evaluation Brief Battery (MEC B) for adults with right brain damage. Methods Three hundred twenty-four healthy adults and 26 adults with right brain damage, aged 19-75 years, with two or more years of education were evaluated with MEC B. The MEC B Battery contains nine tasks that aim to evaluate communicative abilities as discourse, prosody, lexical-semantic and pragmatic process. Two sources of reliability evidence were used: internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and interrater reliability. Construct validity was evaluated comparing the Montreal Communication Evaluation Battery (MEC), expanded version and MEC B tasks. Results Internal consistence was satisfactory and the interrater reliability was considered excellent, as were correlations between MEC Battery and MEC B Battery tasks. Conclusion The MEC B Battery showed satisfactory reliability and validity evidences. It can be used as outcome measure of intervention programs and assist speech therapists to plan rehabilitation programs.


RESUMO Objetivo Buscar evidências de validade e fidedignidade da Bateria Montreal de Avaliação da Comunicação Breve (MAC B) para adultos com lesão do hemisfério direito. Método Trezentos e vinte e quatro adultos saudáveis e 26 adultos com lesão cerebral direita, com idades de 19 a 75 anos, com dois ou mais anos de escolaridade, foram avaliados com a Bateria MAC B. Essa bateria contém nove tarefas que visam avaliar habilidades comunicativas, como: discurso prosódia; processo léxico-semântico e pragmática. Duas fontes de evidências de fidedignidade foram utilizadas, ou seja, a consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) e a concordância entre avaliadores. A validade foi avaliada comparando as tarefas da Bateria MAC na versão expandida e da MAC B. Resultados Em relação à fidedignidade, a consistência interna foi satisfatória e as taxas de concordância entre os avaliadores foram consideradas excelentes, assim como as correlações entre as tarefas da Bateria MAC e Bateria MAC B. Conclusão A Bateria MAC B apresentou evidências de fidedignidade e validade satisfatórias, podendo ser usada como medida para resultado de programas de intervenção, e também auxiliar o fonoaudiólogo a planejar o programa de reabilitação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Brain Injuries/physiopathology , Communication Disorders/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Speech Therapy/methods , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Middle Aged
4.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 41(1): 51-59, Jan.-Mar. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004835

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To evaluate the construct validity and model-based reliability of general and specific contributions of the subscales of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) when evaluating motor skills across a range of psychiatric disorders. Methods Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and bifactor analysis were conducted on BOT-2 data from 187 elementary school students (grades 1 to 6) (mean age: 113 ± 20 months; boys: n = 117, 62.56%) and on MABC-2 data from 127 elementary school students (grade 1) (mean age: 76 ± 2 months; boys: n = 58, 45.67%). Results The results of the CFA fit the data for multidimensionality for the BOT-2 and presented poor fit indices for the MABC-2. For both tests, the bifactor model showed that the reliability of the subscales was poor. Conclusions The BOT-2 exhibited factorial validity with a multidimensional structure among the current samples, but the MABC-2 showed poor fit indices, insufficient to confirm its multidimensional structure. For both tests, most of the reliable variance came from a general motor factor (M-factor), therefore the scoring and reporting of subscale scores were not justified for both tests.


Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a validade de construto e a confiabilidade das subescalas do Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) e do Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) com base em modelos das contribuições gerais e específicas ao avaliar habilidades motoras em transtornos psiquiátricos. Métodos Foram realizadas análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) e análise bifatorial em dados de 187 escolares do primeiro ao sexto ano do ensino fundamental (idade média: 113 ± 20 meses; meninos: n = 117, 62,56%) que foram avaliados com o BOT-2, e em dados de 127 escolares do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental (idade média: 76 ± 2 meses; meninos: n = 58, 45,67%) avaliados com o MABC-2. Resultados Os resultados da AFC apresentaram índices de ajuste satisfatórios de multidimensionalidade para o BOT-2 e apresentaram índices de ajuste insatisfatórios para o MABC-2. Para ambos os testes, o modelo bifatorial mostrou que a confiabilidade das subescalas era ruim. Conclusão O BOT-2 apresentou validade fatorial com uma estrutura multidimensional entre as amostras utilizadas, mas o MABC-2 apresentou índices de ajuste insatisfatórios, insuficientes para confirmar sua estrutura multidimensional. Para ambos os testes, a maior parte da variância confiável veio de um fator motor geral (fator-M), portanto, a pontuação e o relato dos escores das subescalas não se justificaram para ambos os testes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Development/physiology , Language Disorders/physiopathology , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology , Motor Skills/physiology , Neuropsychological Tests/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
5.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(supl.2): 79-87, 2019. tab
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1057675

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention through cognitive stimulation associated with Taigeiko practice in memory performance and executive function of elderly women, compared to a group exposed to Taigeiko alone. Method: A quasi-experimental study was performed with 16 elderly women. 10 were allocated to the experimental group (EG) submitted to 16 sessions of cognitive stimulation and Taigeiko, and 6 elderly women in the control group (CG) submitted to Taigeiko alone. Cognition was assessed before and after intervention by the tests: Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning (RAVLT); Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; Trail-Making Test; Stroop Effect; Digit Span Test and Semantic Verbal Fluency Test. Results: Both groups presented differences in RAVLT domains (EG p=0.004, CG p=0.005) and Stroop Effect (EG p=0.012; CG p=0.024). However, in EG, better scores were shown in the tests, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Taigeiko has been shown to be a potential activity in obtaining cognitive gains, independently of the associated cognitive stimulation.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención por medio de estímulos cognitivos asociados a la práctica de Taigeiko en el desempeño de la memoria y función ejecutiva de ancianas, comparado a un grupo expuesto al Taigeiko aisladamente. Método: Estudio casi experimental con 16 ancianas, siendo 10 asignadas en el grupo experimental (GE) y sometidas a 16 sesiones de estimulación cognitiva y Taigeiko; y 6 ancianas en el grupo control (GC), sometidas al Taigeiko aisladamente. La cognición fue evaluada antes y después de la intervención por medio de las pruebas: Aprendizaje Aditivo-Verbal de Rey (RAVLT); Figuras Complejas de Rey; Rutas; Efecto Stroop; Span de Dígitos y Fluidez Verbal Semántica. Resultados: Los dos grupos presentaron diferencias en los dominios del RAVLT (GE p=0,004; GC p=0,005) y en el Efecto Stroop (GE p=0,012; GC p=0,024). Sin embargo, en el GE se evidenciaron mejores puntuaciones en las pruebas, aunque sin significancia estadística. Conclusión: El Taigeiko demostró ser una potencial actividad en la obtención de ganados cognitivos, independientemente de la estimulación cognitiva asociada.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção por meio de estímulos cognitivos associados à prática de Taigeiko no desempenho da memória e função executiva de idosas, comparado a um grupo exposto ao Taigeiko isoladamente. Método: Estudo quase-experimental com 16 idosas, sendo 10 alocadas no grupo experimental (GE) submetidas a 16 sessões de estimulação cognitiva e Taigeiko, e 6 idosas no grupo controle (GC) submetidas ao Taigeiko isoladamente. A cognição foi avaliada pré e pós-intervenção pelos testes: Aprendizagem Aditivo-Verbal de Rey (RAVLT); Figuras Complexas de Rey; Trilhas; Stroop; Span de Dígitos e Fluência Verbal Semântica. Resultados: Ambos os grupos apresentaram diferenças em domínios do RAVLT (GE p=0,004; GC p=0,005) e do Teste Stroop (GE p=0,012; GC p=0,024). No entanto, no GE foram evidenciados melhores escores nos testes, embora sem significância estatística. Conclusão: O Taigeiko demonstrou ser uma potencial atividade na obtenção de ganhos cognitivos, independente da estimulação cognitiva associada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Cognition/classification , Exercise Therapy/methods , Exercise Therapy/standards , Executive Function/classification , Exercise Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(1): 35-43, Jan. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-772599

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To contribute our experience with surgical treatment of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) or selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH). Method This is a retrospective observational study. The sample included patients with medically refractory mTLE due to unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis who underwent either ATL or SelAH, at Hospital de Clinicas – UFPR, from 2005 to 2012. We report seizure outcomes, using Engel classification, cognitive outcomes, using measurements of verbal and visuospatial memories, as well as operative complications. Result Sixty-seven patients (33 ATL, 34 SelAH) were studied; median follow-up was 64 months. There was no statistically significant difference in seizure or neuropsychological outcomes, although verbal memory was more negatively affected in ATL operations on patients’ dominant hemispheres. Higher number of major complications was observed in the ATL group (p = 0.004). Conclusion Seizure and neuropsychological outcomes did not differ. ATL appeared to be associated with higher risk of complications.


RESUMO Objetivo Contribuir com nossa experiência para o tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial submetidos a lobectomia temporal anterior (LTA) ou amigdalohipocampectomia seletiva (AHS). Método Estudo retrospectivo observacional. Foram incluídos pacientes com epilepsia refratária devido a esclerose mesial temporal unilateral, submetidos a LTA ou AHS no Hospital de Clínicas – UFPR, entre 2005-2012. Foram comparados os resultados cognitivos (análises de memórias verbal e visuoespacial), controle de crises (Engel) e complicações cirúrgicas. Resultados Sessenta e sete pacientes (33 LTA, 34 AHS) foram estudados; o período de acompanhamento médio foi de 64 meses. Não houve diferença no controle das crises ou resultado neuropsicológico, mas a memória verbal foi mais negativamente afetada nos pacientes submetidos à LTA no hemisfério dominante. Maior número de complicações graves ocorreu no grupo de LTA (p = 0.004). Conclusão Controle de crises e resultados neuropsicológicos não diferiram. LTA pareceu estar associada a um maior risco cirúrgico.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Amygdala/surgery , Anterior Temporal Lobectomy/methods , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/surgery , Hippocampus/surgery , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Anterior Temporal Lobectomy/adverse effects , Drug Resistant Epilepsy/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Memory , Retrospective Studies , Seizures/epidemiology , Seizures/prevention & control , Treatment Outcome
7.
Clin. biomed. res ; 35(3): 141-148, 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-778810

ABSTRACT

O INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) é um teste de rastreio das funções do lobo frontal, utilizado no contexto das demências e de diversas patologias psiquiátricas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar as características psicométricas da versão angolana do IFS: aceitabilidade, validade de constructo e capacidade discriminativa no contexto da perturbação de stress pós-traumático (PTSD). Métodos: O IFS foi aplicado a dois grupos: grupo controlo (n=51), constituído por participantes sem historial de perturbação neuropsiquiátrica, e um grupo de pacientes com PTSD (n=35), composto por utentes da consulta externa do Hospital Central do Huambo. Resultados Os efeitos de piso e de teto no total do IFS e em suas diferentes subprovas foram inferiores a 80%. O alfa de Cronbach obtido foi 0,791. As correlações entre as subprovas e entre estas e o total do IFS foram significativas. O grupo PTSD obteve resultados significativamente inferiores no total do IFS e nas subprovas de instruções conflituosas e memória de trabalho espacial. Para um ponto de corte de 13 pontos, o IFS apresenta uma sensibilidade de 100% e uma especificidade de 87% na identificação de participantes com PTSD. O IFS correlaciona-se de forma negativa com o total da IES-R. Conclusão: O IFS revela excelentes níveis de aceitabilidade. O valor de consistência interna obtido é muito próximo ao da versão original e da versão portuguesa da prova. IFS é sensível (100%) e especifico (87%) na identificação dos participantes com PTSD, posicionando-se como um instrumento válido para uso clínico. Tanto quanto é do nosso conhecimento, este será o primeiro instrumento de avaliação frontal a ser adaptado e validado para uso em Angola...


The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) is a screening test of frontal lobe functions used in the context of dementia and psychiatric pathologies. The present work aims to determine the psychometric characteristics of the Angolan version of the IFS: acceptability, construct validity, and discriminative capacity in the context of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: The IFS was administered to two groups: a control group (n=51), composed of participants with no history of neuropsychiatric disorder, and a group of PTSD patients (n=35), made up of patients from the day clinic of Hospital Central do Huambo. Results: Ceiling and floor effects of the IFS and its subtasks were lower than 80%. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.791. The correlations between the subtasks themselves and between them and total IFS scores were significant. The PTSD group obtained significantly lower results for total IFS scores and conflicting instructions and spatial working memory subtasks. For a cut-off value of 13 points, IFS has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 87% in the detection of PTSD participants. IFS scores were negatively correlated to total IES-R scores. Conclusion: IFS has excellent levels of acceptability. The internal consistency coefficient is very similar to those of the original and Portuguese versions. IFS is sensitive (100%) and specific (87%) in the identification of PTSD participants, establishing itself as a valid instrument for clinical use. As far as we know, this is the first instrument for the assessment of frontal functioning to be adapted and validated for use in Angola...


Subject(s)
Humans , Executive Function , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Angola/epidemiology , Neuropsychology/instrumentation
8.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 29(1): 73-81, ene.-mar. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-666714

ABSTRACT

Introducción: se ha comunicado afectación neurocognitiva como secuela a largo plazo en pacientes curados de leucemia linfoide aguda que fueron irradiados durante el tratamiento. Más recientemente esto se plantea también para los tratados solo con quimioterapia. Sobre estos últimos no se conocen antecedentes en Cuba de estudios de este tipo. Métodos: se estudió el rendimiento intelectual de 77 pacientes entre 6 y 32 años (54 con tratamiento y 23 con sobrevida de más de 5 años) que no recibieron radiaciones durante su tratamiento, y de un grupo (n=20) de adolescentes sanos. Se utilizó la escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para niños (Wisc) y para adultos (Wais). Resultados: los resultados mostraron que las escalas totales, tanto de los enfermos como de los curados, se encontraba dentro de parámetros normales. Sin embargo, se obtuvieron notaciones significativamente más bajas en los pacientes curados que en los sanos en las pruebas de semejanzas, dígitos, ordenar figuras y diseño de bloques; también en el factor de distractibilidad. Los pacientes que se encontraban enfermos en la evaluación obtuvieron puntuación más baja que los normales solo en la prueba de dígitos. Conclusiones: estos resultados sugieren afectaciones subclínicas específicas relacionadas con la capacidad de asociación de conceptos verbales, memoria inmediata, capacidad de planeamiento estratégico, organización visoespacial, análisis y síntesis como procesos del pensamiento, así como una dificultad atencional en los pacientes curados como secuela de la quimioterapia


Introduction: neurocognitive disorders have been reported as long-term side effects in patients free from acute lymphoid leukemia that had undergone radiotherapy. These disorders have been likewise reported in those cases in which the patients had undergone chemotherapy. No antecedents about previous study on the latter in Cuba are known. Methods: the intellectual performance of 77 patients who did not undergo radiotherapy during their treatment, ages between 6 and 32 years old, was studied (54 of them under treatment and 23 had survived for more than 5 years); and the intellectual performance of a group of healthy teenagers (n=20). The Wechsler intelligence scales for children (WISC) and for adults (WAIS) were used. Results: the results showed that the Intelligence Quotient of the sick patients and of those already recovered was among standard parameters. However, the recovered patients obtained results significantly lower than those of healthy patients in the Similarity, Digit, Figures Arrangement and Design of Blocks subtests, as well as in the distractibility factor. The patients that were ill during the tests obtained lower results than the healthy ones only in the Digit subtest. Conclusions: these results suggest the presence of specific subclinical disorders related to the capacity of associating verbal concepts, short-term memory, capacity of strategic planning, visualspatial organization, analysis and synthesis such as thinking processes as well as an attention difficulty in recovered patients as a result of chemotherapy


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/radiotherapy , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Cognition Disorders/chemically induced , Underachievement
9.
Pró-fono ; 22(2): 95-100, abr.-jun. 2010. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554274

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: the working memory is a cognitive skill that contributes to adequate development of language and to the acquisition of reading and writing. A consistent evaluation of the working memory in pre-school and basic school children demonstrates to be important for the early identification of possible learning impairments. AIM: to evaluate the development of working memory along the first school grades of basic education and to verify the applicability of the Brown-Peterson Task in the assessment of this function in children. METHOD: 103 children, 63 males, with the mean age of 9.75, recruited from 1st to 6th grades of basic school participated in the study. The children were assessed with the Brown-Peterson Task, the Digit Span forward and the Digit Span Backward. The results were compared for the variables of gender, age and grade. RESULTS: the score on the Brown-Peterson Task increased along the school grades and age groups. A linear decrease in scoring was observed in longer interference intervals. A positive correlation was found between the Brown-Peterson Task and the Digit Span, yet the Brown-Peterson Task proved to better differentiate school grades. CONCLUSION: the study confirmed that working memory development continues during the basic education years, indicating late maturation of related brain areas. The Brown-Peterson Task proved to be an adequate tool for the assessment of working memory in children.


TEMA: a memória de trabalho é uma habilidade cognitiva que contribui para o adequado desenvolvimento da linguagem e aquisição das habilidades de leitura e escrita. Uma avaliação consistente de memória de trabalho em crianças pré-escolares e escolares faz-se importante para identificação precoce das possíveis dificuldades de aprendizagem. OBJETIVO: o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento da memória de trabalho ao longo das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental e verificar a adequação da Tarefa de Brown Peterson na avaliação desta função em crianças. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 103 crianças, com a idade média de 9,75 anos, da primeira à sexta série do ensino fundamental. Entre os participantes, 63 eram do sexo masculino. As crianças foram avaliadas segundo a Tarefa de Brown Peterson, Dígitos Ordem Direta e Dígitos Ordem Inversa. O desempenho foi comparado em função das variáveis: sexo; idade e série escolar. RESULTADOS: o desempenho na Tarefa de Brown Peterson apresentou função crescente ao longo das séries e faixas etárias. O aumento no tempo de interferência produziu diminuição linear na pontuação em todas as séries. Correlações positivas foram encontradas entre o desempenho na Tarefa de Brown Peterson e Dígitos, sendo que Tarefa de Brown Peterson se mostrou mais sensível para diferenciar as séries. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo confirmou que a maturação da memória de trabalho continua ao longo do ensino fundamental, indicando maturação tardia das áreas cerebrais relacionadas. A Tarefa de Brown Peterson se mostrou um instrumento adequado para a avaliação de memória de trabalho em crianças.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Age Distribution , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution
10.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 3(2): 101-107, June 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521842

ABSTRACT

Executive deficits as well as deficits in episodic memory characterize the initial phases of Alzheimer Disease (AD) and are clinically correlated to neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional loss. Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment present more problems as to inhibitory response control, switching and cognitive flexibility. Objective: To compare performance on the BADS with performance on other executive functional tests among patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) to performance of control individuals and to examine discriminative capacity of BADS among these groups. Methods: The BADS was performed by 35 healthy controls, 13 patients with aMCI, and 16 mild probable AD patients. Besides performing the BADS, subjects underwent neuropsychological evaluation which comprised: the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), verbal fluency by phonemic categories (F.A.S) and Concentrated Attention Test (CA). Results: There were no differences among groups by educational level, but performance differed for age (p<0.01). No difference between healthy controls and aMCI patients was found on total scores or subitems of the BADS. A significant difference was observed between aMCI and AD patients (p<0.05) and between controls and AD patients (p<0.05) on total and standard scores. Conclusions: Performance on the BADS differed between healthy individuals and mild AD patients. The BADS proved to be a sensitive method for discriminating AD from aMCI.


Déficits executivos conjuntamente aos déficits de memória episódica caracterizam as fases iniciais da doença Alzheimer (DA) e se correlacionam clinicamente com sintomas neuropsiquiátricos e com prejuízo funcional. Pacientes com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve apresentam mais problemas com controle inibitório de respostas, alternância e flexibilidade cognitiva. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho na BADS e outros testes de funções executivas entre pacientes com demência Alzheimer de intensidade leve, comprometimento cognitivo leve tipo amnéstico (CCLa) e indivíduos controles e verificar a sensibilidade da BADS para discriminar CCL tipo amnéstico de DA. Métodos: A BADS foi administrada a 35 indivíduos saudáveis, 13 pacientes com CCL amnéstico, e 16 pacientes com DA provável de intensidade leve. A avaliação consistiu da BADS e por avaliação neuropsicológica composta por: Escala de Avaliação de Demência(DRS), fluência verbal por categorias fonêmicas (F.A.S.) e o Teste de Atenção Concentrada (AC). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto à escolaridade, mas houve diferença quanto à idade (p<0,01). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre indivíduos controles e pacientes com CCLa nos subtestes e nos escores totais da BADS. Houve diferença significativa entre pacientes com CCLa e pacientes com DA (p<0,05) e entre indivíduos controles e pacientes com DA (p<0,05) nos escores totais padronizados. Conclusões: Foram encontradas diferenças no desempenho na BADS entre indivíduos saudáveis e o grupo de pacientes com DA. A BADS mostrou-se sensível para discriminar diferenças de desempenho entre DA e CCLa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Alzheimer Disease , Biological Psychiatry , Mental Disorders , Neuropsychology , Cognition , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
11.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 3(2): 108-113, June 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521843

ABSTRACT

Auditory processing during childhood may be altered if there is any predisposing factor during the course of development. Neurological disorders are among the risk factors for auditory processing disorders. Some studies have shown verbal auditory processing disorder in children with epilepsy. Objective: To verify the performance of children with epilepsy on a nonverbal dichotic test. Methods: Thirty-eight subjects, 23 female and 15 male, ranging from 7 to 16 years of age with neurological diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy, without clinical or imaging evidence of cerebral lesion were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups: 23 patients diagnosed with partial seizures and 15 patients with generalized seizures. Illiterate children, children with hearing thresholds exceeding the normal range and with brain lesions confirmed either clinically or by imaging tests were excluded from the study group. Results: Analysis of the performance of epileptic patients with partial and generalized seizures on the Nonverbal Dichotic Test revealed that the majority of patients with epilepsy showed impairments in the test, with no significant differences related to seizure type, generalized or partial. Although patients with partial and generalized seizures performed similarly, all the epileptic patients showed different performance to a normal population. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of impairments among epileptic patients in relation to nonverbal processing in a dichotic paradigm.


O processamento da informação auditiva na infância pode estar alterado se houver algum fator predisponente durante o desenvolvimento. As alterações neurológicas são um fator de risco para distúrbios no processamento auditivo. Alguns estudos já demonstraram alteração do processamento da informação auditiva verbal em crianças com epilepsia. Objetivo: Verificar a performance de pacientes com epilepsia no teste dicótico não-verbal. Métodos: 38 crianças e adolescentes, na faixa etária compreendida entre 7 e 16 anos, com diagnóstico neurológico de epilepsia idiopática, 23 que apresentavam crise parcial e 15 com crise generalizada foram submetidas ao teste dicótico não-verbal. Resultados: Muitos pacientes com epilepsia apresentaram alterações no teste dicótico não-verbal. Não houve diferenças na presença e/ou tipo de alterações identificadas, segundo o tipo de crise, parcial ou generalizada. Conclusões: O estudo revelou alto índice de alterações no processamento auditivo de sons não-verbais, avaliado através de tarefa dicótica, em pacientes com epilepsia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Auditory Perception , Deafness , Epilepsy , Neurology , Neuropsychology , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
12.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 3(2): 118-123, June 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521845

ABSTRACT

In the normal aging processes, complaints of memory loss and auditory comprehension are not uncommon, principally in complex and cognitively demanding situations. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate skills of discourse comprehension and retention in a natural situation, by healthy aged in relation to variables such as age, schooling and cognitive screening measurement. Methods: Thirty healthy elderly participated in the study (mean age=73.56 yrs; SD=6.26 and mean schooling=8.6 yrs; SD=4.41). Twelve news items were recorded and presented in three sequences of four news-groups. Participants were instructed to listen to the four news items, and upon completion were questioned about one of them. Results: We found no age or schooling effect on the performance of the subjects. The participants achieved almost full scores on all answers (ceiling effect). Discussion: The heterogeneity of elderly and cognitive compensation in natural situations could explain these results of elderly behavior.


No processo de envelhecimento, queixas sobre declínio de memória e dificuldades de compreensão auditiva não são raras, principalmente em situações complexas e com maior demanda cognitiva. Objetivos: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar habilidades de compreensão e retenção de discurso por idosos, em situações naturais, considerando as variáveis: idade, escolaridade e medida cognitiva. Métodos: 30 idosos participaram do estudo (média de idade=73,56; desvio padrão=6,26 e média de escolaridade=8,6; desvio padrão=4.41). Doze noticias foram gravadas e apresentadas em três seqüências de quatro grupos cada. Os participantes foram instruídos a ouvir as seqüências e ao final foram questionados sobre uma das notícias. Resultados: Não foram encontrados efeitos de idade ou escolaridade na perfórmance dos participantes. Notou-se efeito teto em todos os escores. Discussão: A heterogeneidade do envelhecimento e compensações cognitivas em situações naturais poderiam explicar o comportamento dos idosos da amostra.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Amnesia, Retrograde , Cognition , Memory , Memory Disorders , Language Tests/statistics & numerical data , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
13.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 3(2): 124-131, June 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521846

ABSTRACT

Aging is associated with cognitive decline, yet this does not prevent older adults from finding ways to compensate for age-related deficits. Earlier studies have shown that cognitively unimpaired older adults can benefit from training programs. The efficacy of cognitive interventions among older adults without dementia but with cognitive decline (mild cognitive impairment, MCI) has not yet been widely tested. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of 8-session cognitive training on the cognitive and functional performance of older adults with MCI. Methods: 16 older adults diagnosed with MCI received cognitive training (18 participated as controls). All participants were assessed pre and post intervention using the Short Cognitive Test (SKT), Direct Assessment of Functional Scale Revised (DAFS-R), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Clock Drawing Test (CDT). Results: A significant improvement was observed in the study group between pre and post-test in attention (SKT), time orientation, shopping skills and dealing with finances (DAFS-R) along with reduced depressive symptoms (GDS). Conclusion: These results indicate the importance of non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with MCI to help compensate for cognitive decline.


O envelhecimento está associado ao declínio de algumas funções cognitivas, entretanto, este fato não impede que a pessoa idosa encontre formas de compensar déficits. Estudos anteriores documentaram que a pessoa idosa sem declínio cognitivo pode beneficiar-se de programas de treino. A eficácia de intervenções cognitivas junto à população idosa sem demência mas com alterações cognitivas (comprometimento cognitivo leve, CCL) ainda não foi testada amplamente. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto de treino cognitivo de 8 sessões na funcionalidade e desempenho cognitivo em idosos com CCL. Métodos: 16 idosos com CCL receberam treino cognitivo e 18 participaram como grupo controle; pacientes e controles foram avaliados antes e depois da intervenção com o Short Cognitive Test (SKT), Direct Assessment of Funcional Scale Revised (DAFS-R), Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) e o Teste do Desenho do Relógio (TDR). Resultados: Foi observada melhora significante no grupo experimental do pré para o pós-teste no desempenho em atenção (SKT), orientação temporal, habilidade para fazer compras e lidar com dinheiro (DAFS-R) e diminuição nos sintomas depressivos (GDS). Conclusões: Estes resultados destacam a importância da intervenção não-farmacológica em idosos com CCL para compensar déficits cognitivos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aging , Cognition , Depression , Geriatrics , Geriatric Assessment/statistics & numerical data , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
14.
Rev. Kairós ; 11(1): 185-202, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-605528

ABSTRACT

Dentre os diversos transtornos que afetam os idosos, a depressão merece especial atenção, uma vez que apresenta prevalência elevada e conseqüências negativas para a qualidade de vida. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo de verificar as características das publicações indexadas nos últimos cinco anos que abordam os temas depressão, idosos e Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas. Os resultados demonstraram que quanto mais grave a depressão, maiores os prejuízos cognitivos no desempenho das tarefas no WCST.


Among the various problems which affect the elderly, depression deservers special attention since it has high prevalence and causes negative consequences for the quality of life. A systematic revision was made in order to verify the characteristics of the publications indexed during the last five years that approach the subjects of depression, elderly people and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results showed that the more serious the state of depression, the higher the cognitive damage or harm in the fulfillment of the WCST tasks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Depressive Disorder, Major , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Motor Skills Disorders , Quality of Life
15.
Neurol India ; 2006 Sep; 54(3): 268-72
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-120198

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared cognitive functions in multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Parkinson's disease (PD). AIM: To compare the results of cognitive function tests in the three diseases and examine their relation with the severity of parkinsonism. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Clinic-based open prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Global cognitive function tests and tests specific for frontal lobe functions were used in 25 cases of each disease. UPDRS III was used to measure the severity of parkinsonism. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA was done for group comparisons, followed by t-test for independent samples with Bonferroni correction. Pearson's correlation test was done to assess the relation between severity of parkinsonism and cognitive functions. RESULTS: The severity of parkinsonism was worst in PD followed by PSP and least in MSA. Patients with PSP exhibited the worst performance in both sets of cognitive tests. Even though patients with MSA did better than PD in global function tests, they performed worse than PD in some frontal function tests. There was a negative correlation between severity of parkinsonism and scores in cognitive tests in the MSA group but not in others. CONCLUSIONS: Global and frontal dysfunction was worst in PSP. The frontal dysfunction in MSA was more severe than PD, correlated with the severity of parkinsonism and was worse in clinically probable than possible cases of MSA. The severity of cognitive dysfunction in these diseases may be related to the distribution and extent of pathological changes affecting the striato-frontal circuits in them.


Subject(s)
Aged , Analysis of Variance , Cognition/physiology , Demography , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple System Atrophy/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/physiopathology
16.
Interdisciplinaria ; 21(2): 153-193, 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-434841

ABSTRACT

El estudio de los efectos de la pobreza sobre el desempeño cognitivo durante las primeras fases del desarrollo, ha sido efectuado predominantemente en base a la definición de pobreza según el ingreso y el uso de paradigmas de inteligencia basados en la hipótesis de un factor general de funcionamiento cognitivo. En el presente trabajo se utilizó el concepto de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI) como criterio de pobreza y se aplicó un paradigma cognitivo de funcionamiento ejecutivo proveniente de la Neurociencia. El mismo plantea el análisis de componentes de comportamientos inteligentes orientados hacia objetivos y asociados a la activación de circuitos cerebrales que involucran centralmente a la región prefrontal. Se comparó el desempeño ejecutivo de 247 niños escolarizados de 3 a 5 años de edad, provenientes de hogares pobres (NBI) y no pobres o con Necesidades Básicas Satisfechas (NBS), y de jardines de infantes del Distrito Escolar 4 de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Boca-Barracas) y de distritos escolares de Vicente López y San Isidro del Gran Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se administró una batería de pruebas que evalúan componentes de flexibilidad cognitiva, logro de objetivos y control atencional. Los resultados obtenidos muestran perfiles de desempeño diferentes entre ambos grupos. El perfil de desempeño menos eficiente en términos de las variables estudiadas se observó en el grupo de niños proveniente de hogares pobres. Estos resultados constituyen un aporte significativo de un paradigma neurocientífico para la implementación de estrategias de intervención orientadas a estimular el funcionamiento cognitivo de tipo ejecutivo de niños de edad preescolar


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Cognition , Developmental Disabilities/psychology , Poverty/psychology , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
17.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2003 Oct; 47(4): 393-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-106285

ABSTRACT

The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was studied in 32 postmenopausal women on their auditory Evoked Potentials i.e. auditory brainstem response (ABR), Middle latency response (MLR) & slow vertex response (SVR). Recordings were done on computerized evoked potential recorder using 10/20 system of electrode placement and standard click stimuli. A significant improvement in neural transmission was observed as was evidenced by decrease in the ABR wave latencies I, III, IV & V and interpeak latency III-V and I-V after 6 months of HRT. A similar significant decrease was observed in MLR wave latencies of Po, Na & Pa. The SVR wave latencies although found to be decreased after HRT, could not reach the level of statistical significance. There was a significant inverse correlation obtained between latencies of wave I in ABR, Po in MLR and serum estradiol. The results indicate the effect of sex hormone in improving transmission in auditory pathway from periphery through brainstem, thalamus upto cortex. However slow vertex responses indicate that auditory association areas are not much affected. This might have bearing on improvement of neuropsychological functions in postmenopausal women on HRT.


Subject(s)
Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Aged , Estradiol/blood , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Estrogens/pharmacology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/drug effects , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Postmenopause/blood , Progesterone/pharmacology , Reaction Time/drug effects , Regression Analysis
18.
Rev. psiquiatr. clín. (São Paulo) ; 25(2): 80-3, 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-225833

ABSTRACT

Uma das dificuldades em relacao as demencias e a falta de uniformidade quanto a avaliacao cognitiva. Por esta razao foram feitas diversas tentativas de padronizar os testes utilizados, entre as quais o CERAD. A bateria CERAD inclui avaliacao da memoria (fixacao, evocacao e reconhecimento), linguagem (nomeacao e fluencia verbal), praxia (copia de desenhos geometricos), funcao executiva (teste das trilhas), alem de um teste geral (Mini-exame do Estado Mental). Uma adaptacao da bateria foi aplicada a 80 idosos extraidos da comunidade, livres de doenca neurologica ou psiquiatrica, e a 21 individuos com doenca de Alzheimer inicial (CDR 0,5 ou 1). Os dois grupos diferiram significativamente em todos os testes (p=0,0001) para todos com excecao dos testes de praxia e fluencia verbal) e foi possivel estabelecer niveis de especificidade e sensibilidade para cada subteste...


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Dementia/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Socioeconomic Factors , Aged , Control Groups , Sensitivity and Specificity , Memory , Population Characteristics , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis
19.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 1(2): 119-124, feb. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-201124

ABSTRACT

Los potenciales provocados auditivos del tallo cerebral (PPATC) son un método sencillo y no invasor de evaluación de la función auditiva, que se utiliza ampliamente en niños para detectar tempranamente hipoacusia. Entre abril de 1992 y mayo de 1994, se estudiaron 400 niños mexicanos que presentaban, al menos, un factor de riesgo neonatal de hipoacusia. La media de la edad de los niños estudiados fue 6,6 meses y la media de la edad gestacional al nacer, 35,1 semanas. El 51% de ellos fueron tratados con amikacina. Se registraron 1 427 factores de riesgo (3,5 por niño), entre los que predominaron la exposición a ototóxicos, la hiperbilirrubinemia y el peso al nacer menor de 1 500 g. En 27% se encontraron alteraciones auditivas de tipo periférico y en 13%, ausencia de respuesta a estímulos auditivos. El bajo peso y la menor edad gestacional al nacer, la concentración máxima de bilirrubina en el suero, la presencia de sepsis, la hemorragia subependimaria o intraventricular, la ventilación mecánica y la exposición a ototóxicos se asociaron significativamente con la presencia de hipoacusia grave o profunda


Auditory evoked potentials of the brain stem (AEPBS) provide a simple, noninvasive method of evaluating hearing function and have been widely used for early detection of hypoacusis in children. Between April 1992 and May 1994, a study was done of 400 Mexican children who presented at least one neonatal risk factor for hearing impairment. The average age of the children studied was 6.6 months and their average gestational age at birth was 35.1 weeks. Just over half of them (51%) had been treated with amikacin. The study found 1 427 risk factors (3.5 per child), the most common ones being exposure to ototoxic substances, hyperbilirubinemia, and birthweight of less that 1 500 g. In 27% of the children, peripheral auditory changes were found, and 13% did not respond to auditory stimuli. Low birthweight and young gestational age at birth, high serum concentration of bilirubin, sepsis, subependymal or intraventricular hemorrhage, mechanical ventilation, and exposure to ototoxic substances were significantly associated with the presence of severe or profound hypoacusis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Risk Factors , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Perinatal Care , Auditory Perceptual Disorders , Perinatology , Mexico , Data Collection/methods , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
20.
Rev. neurol. Argent ; 20(2): 31-40, mayo 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-152100

ABSTRACT

La Escala de Evaluación para Enfermedad de Alzheimer (ADAS) valora los dominios cognitivos más afectados por la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Su fácil y rápida implementación hacen de ésta una de las escalas más utilizadas. Objetivo: Adaptación de ítems cognitivos, y su valoración de la reproductibilidad en el testeo seriado y de confiabilidad interexaminadores, en normal y EA. Método: La adaptación a nuestro idioma se valoró en 110 controles (edad: 59,06 + 8,90, educación 10,46 + 4,7, 42 por ciento varones, MMSE 29,3 + 0,7). Las palabras seleccionadas para las subescalas de memoria, fueron concretas y de alta frecuencia, como los objetos a nominar. Se estudió la sensibilidad y confiabilidad del testeo seriado comparando 20 pacientes con EA leve a moderada (GDS 3,35 + 1,1) y 22 controles apareados por edad y educación. Se evaluó la confiabilidad interexaminadores. Resultados: Los enfermos calificaron peor en escalas cognitiva y de memoria (p<.00001). El retest presentó alta correlación (Spearman = p<.001) en la mayoría de las variables de ambos grupos, excepto en órdenes y orientación en controles. Se descartó el efecto de aprendizaje. Se observó buena a sustancial concordancia interinvestigador (kappa.66 para subescala de memoria y .74 para subescala cognitiva). Conclusiones: Esta adaptación del ADAS es sensible y confiable. Si bien el Wilcoxon fue no significativo en ambos grupos, los valores de algunas variables del grupo control mostraron mejor rendimiento en el retesteo, por lo que debe considerarse el efecto de aprendizaje en estos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Case-Control Studies , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Dementia/diagnosis , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Neuropsychological Tests/standards
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